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Black Cottonwood

Populus trichocarpa

Height: 80' average mature height
Zones: 4-9 Find my zone
Aspect: mostly sun to full sun
Watering: needs occasional summer irrigation, about one deep watering cycle per month once established
Maximum Water: tolerates wet soils with occasional summer flooding
Habit: spreads slowly to moderately by the roots
Foliage: deciduous
Native To: AK, CA, ID, MT, ND, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY
Size Availability

Out of season.
unrooted cutting - $1.00 each
Our main crop of most plants is available starting in late fall. Additional batches of plugs and quarts are added throughout the year.

Many of our plants are propagated in limited quantities and can sell out quickly when posted, get on the notification list below so you don't miss out.
Add your email to be notified as soon as we have them back in stock:
This does NOT subscribe your email to any mailing lists, our system will only send an inventory notification message.
Production notes: reliable production
Black Cottonwoods are fast growing trees that are typically found along creeks across the west and are great for restoration projects due to their value for wildlife, both as quick-establishing habitat as well as food for various mammals, insects, and birds. Cottonwoods also support the caterpillars of over 300 species of butterflies, greatly increasing the number of pollinators in the landscape and also providing critical food for birds rearing their young. The large waxy buds are also an emergency food source for birds in the winter, providing calories when little other food is available such as after deep snows. Establishing cottonwoods is one of the best ways to increase biodiversity and should be included in as many restoration projects as possible

Cottonwoods grow very quickly, often more than 12 feet per year under good conditions, which can establish a good canopy cover in only a few years on damaged sites. They tolerate occasional flooding and can also survive drought surprisingly well even in their first year by going summer dormant when necessary. The fine roots grow deep in compacted soils, quickly building a nice forest loam from even the toughest soils. It is one of only a handful of species that we have seen that can penetrate and break up caliche hardpan layers by exploiting the tiniest of cracks and fissures. As the fine roots grow deeper they expand and widen the fissures, allowing for aeration underneath and paving the way for the roots of other species. The deep roots can pull up large amounts of nutrients from far down, making them available to other plants as the topsoil builds up. Cottonwoods also form relationships with free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, which is what allows for the rapid top growth. We use cottonwoods extensively as a biomass plant for mulch at our nursery and it is one of the most reliable chop and drop plants we grow.

Cottonwoods will resprout from the roots following fire, but they will also spread by the roots under most conditions. The roots spread great lengths from the tree and can damage sidewalks or pavement so these are generally not suitable for small garden plantings or near buildings.

Our plants are naturally occurring hybrids between the Western Black Cottonwood (about 90%) and the Rocky Mountain Narrow Leaf Cottonwood (about 10%) with the primary benefit being significantly increased heat and drought tolerance compared to standard Black Cottonwood. 

Because these plants grow so quickly we primarily sell unrooted cuttings over the winter, potted plants typically reach 10-15 feet tall in their first year which makes the trees difficult to handle. Cuttings stuck in the field will typically root by early spring and grow up to 12 feet that summer.
Populus trichocarpa - Black Cottonwood in a mixed Fir forest displaying its gorgeous fall color
Populus trichocarpa - Hybrid Black Cottonwood showing the dark green pointed leaves
Populus trichocarpa - Hybrid Black Cottonwood - field rooted cuttings in their first year

Packing Plants For Shipping

We pack our plants depending on the needs of each species and size, most plants ship best with the roots packed in moist sawdust or bark fines but some species don't like root disturbance and are shipped in a soil-less growing media.

Excess soil is washed from the roots in preparation for shipping (18-24" White Pines)

Plants are bundled together to fit in boxes

Bundles of plants are secured in long boxes.

Plant Sizes


3 gallon Dawn Redwood

Standard quart shrub

Standard 14-18" multi-stem tree size

Standard deep plug pine tree

Bamboo Plants Are Shipped In Their Containers

Bamboo roots are not flexible and so plants have to be shipped in their containers. These plants are heavier and are shipped separately from bare root plants. Because they are potted they can handle longer transit times so can ship via UPS Ground instead of USPS Air Mail. Potted plants can also be shipped year-round.

We regularly top our 1 gallon bamboo plants at 24-30 inches tall throughout the growing season. This results in dense, bushy foliage while allowing for economical shipping. From this size most running species will grow to 5-6 feet tall in the first spring and clumping species will usually grow to 4-5 feet tall.

1 gallon bamboo plants strapped in and ready to be sealed.

Unpacking Bare Root Plants

You will be sent tracking details as soon as your plants are shipped. Unpack your plants as quickly as possible after they are delivered. We use two types of boxes, side-sealing and top-sealing. For boxes that are taped along the whole length you can cut the tape on either side and remove the plant bundles by cutting the tape holding the bundle to the bottom. For boxes that are sealed on the top and bottom, it is easiet to open the bottom of the box (the shipping label is at the top) and pull the bundle of plants out straight out. Check that the box is empty as there can be a second bundle of plants stuck towards the top.


A bundle of trees.
When you are ready to plant, remove the trees from the plastic and soak the roots in a bucket of water for 30 seconds. Do not expose the roots to direct sunlight and do not allow them to dry out. When planting large quantities of plants we keep the plants in a black garbage bag to keep all sun and air flow away from the roots and pull each plant as soon as the planting hole is ready. Water the soil well right after planting.

What if I am not able to plant right away?

You can usually leave the plants in their shipping container unopened for 1-2 days if there were no shipping delays and you have received your plants from late November through February. Plants shipped when it is warmer can't stay in their packages for as long.

For longer term storage of plants you can pot them up or plant them in rows close together temporarily and then pull them out later in the spring to be planted again. This keeps the roots moist while allowing for air flow to the tops. The roots should have good contact with the soil to ensure they have access to adequate moisture.
Size Availability
Out of season.
unrooted cutting - $1.00 each
Our main crop of most plants is available starting in late fall. Additional batches of plugs and quarts are added throughout the year.

Many of our plants are propagated in limited quantities and can sell out quickly when posted, get on the notification list below so you don't miss out.
Add your email to be notified as soon as we have them back in stock:
This does NOT subscribe your email to any mailing lists, our system will only send an inventory notification message.
Production notes: reliable production

* Shipping Rate Information

Most plants that ship with washed roots ship at a flat rate with free shipping for ordres over $75. Some plants, such as bamboo that are shipped potted, have rate tables based on the quantity and delivery location. Washed root plants ship free with any rate table plant even if the total of the washed root plants is less than $75. Delivery surcharges such as Remote Delivery Area are in addition to the standard shipping and are applied by shipping carriers to addresses with excessively long delivery routes, or those with difficult access such as those on islands that require ferries for delivery. Free shipping does not apply to delivery surcharges.
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